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2024
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How does water quality affect cooling towers?
Closed-circuit cooling towers have relatively high water quality standards when in use. Whether it's a closed-circuit cooling tower or an open-circuit cooling tower, the water must be continuously circulated. So, how exactly does water quality affect the operation of both closed-circuit and open-circuit cooling towers? Next, the manufacturer of closed-circuit cooling towers will explain to you in detail how water quality impacts the performance of these two types of cooling towers.
Closed-circuit cooling towers have relatively high water quality standards when in use. Whether it's a closed-circuit cooling tower or an open-circuit cooling tower, the water must be continuously circulated. So, how exactly does water quality affect the operation of both closed-circuit and open-circuit cooling towers? Next, the manufacturer of closed-circuit cooling towers will explain to you in detail how water quality impacts the performance of these two types of cooling towers.
When a closed-circuit cooling tower is in operation, impurities in the water will circulate with the water to each component—such as the pumps, packing, condenser, spray system, and circulation pipelines—thereby affecting their performance.
In open-circuit cooling towers, the impact of water quality is much more severe than in closed-circuit cooling towers. The circulation in an open-circuit cooling tower is very simple: spray water is pumped through pipes and returned to the reservoir after being sprayed again.
In this process, the spray water in a closed-circuit cooling tower is distributed evenly to each component. Moreover, when used in certain industries, it must be equipped with a heat exchanger. Thus, the quality of the water significantly affects the inner walls of the heat exchanger. In a closed-circuit cooling tower, the internal and external circuits are separated; only the external circuit uses spray water, and this water flows solely over the outer surface of the condenser.
How does the quality of water in a closed-circuit cooling tower affect the cooling tower itself?
1. Scale formation occurs in both open and closed cooling towers during operation.
In open cooling towers, scale formation is specifically concentrated on the packing material; in closed cooling towers, scale is specifically concentrated on the outer wall of the condenser, and some of it may continue to adhere to the inner walls of the cooling tower.
2. Damage to the packing: After a closed-circuit cooling tower is put into operation, the scale that forms generally adheres to the surface of the packing. However, the packing is made of a relatively high-quality plastic, and since the weight of the scale is relatively substantial, over time it can cause the packing to tear and become damaged, thereby affecting normal operation. If necessary, the packing must be replaced.
3. The scale formed after using cooling towers—whether adhering to the packing material or to the surface of the condenser—impacts both the heat dissipation performance of the heat pipes and the effectiveness of natural ventilation. The circulating air flows precisely through the gaps in the packing material and the gaps in the condenser to facilitate heat transfer. However, the scale occupies part of this space, thereby reducing the volume of airflow and impairing the natural ventilation. Moreover, the scale also negatively affects the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat pipes in both the packing material and the condenser.
4. Clogged spray nozzles—whose primary function is to atomize and evenly distribute the spray water—can become blocked by impurities, leading to uneven spraying within the space. This results in dry spots or localized areas of packing that remain dry. Under high-temperature conditions, such situations can trigger fires in cooling towers.
5. Damaging the pump—the pump is the actual power source for the spray water. If impurities are sucked into the pump, they can cause blockages. Although the pump is equipped with a filter screen, it’s still possible for the filter screen to become damaged and allow dirt and sand to pass through, resulting in insufficient circulating water flow, overheating, and reduced power output.
Therefore, poor water quality can significantly affect cooling towers—specifically, by shortening their service life. Especially during rainy seasons, it’s crucial to discharge the circulating water on schedule.
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